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The European Union describes access to health care as a fundamental human right, but who bears the cost?
According to Eurostat, mandatory health insurance contributions account for slightly more than half (51 per cent) of total health care spending in the EU. Government spending represents around 30 per cent, while household out-of-pocket payments make up 15 per cent.
This means that, on average, EU households pay €15 directly for every €100 medical bill.
So, how much do households pay out of pocket across European countries? And what share do these payments represent in health care spending?
According to Eurostat, in 2024 or the nearest available year, the share of household out-of-pocket payments for health care ranged from 8.5 per cent in Luxembourg to 35.5 per cent in Bulgaria.
The analysis included 34 European cou
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