The European Union's population will shrink by one-third by the end of the century without migration, losing the equivalent of 1 million workers annually in the next 25 years as Italy and Spain face looming population collapse, latest data shows.

According to Eurostat’s official projections, the EU’s population will shrink by around 9% by 2050 compared with 2025 if migration ceases entirely. The decline is forecast to continue in the following decades, reaching 23% by 2075 and 34% by 2100.

Labour shortages are a key aspect of demographic change. According to Peter Bosch, senior research associate at the Egmont Institute, the EU is expected to lose around 1 million workers each year until 2050.

If labour participation rates by age and sex remain at the

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