Two new bills have been submitted to the U.S. Congress to deal the Cold War-era Jackson-Vanik amendment.

While the November 6 C5+1 presidential meeting at the White House was a historic milestone in itself, hopefully, it will be the first of many more high-level engagements between the United States and the Central Asian countries in the near future. Several agreements, including financial and investment-related, were signed during the Central Asian presidential delegations’ visit to the U.S. capital.

However, the Jackson-Vanik amendment remains a hurdle that must be overcome to improve trade relations.

The amendment was created during the Cold War to condition U.S. trade with the then-Soviet Union based on its willingness to allow freedom of movement and emigration and attached to the Trade Act of 1974. The amendment remains in place for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, preventing them from

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