Donald Trump arrived in Alaska expecting to strike a deal with Vladimir Putin to end Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Instead, the Russian president rejected his proposal outright – and launched into a lengthy historical lecture.

The two leaders spoke again on Thursday and agreed to meet in Budapest without setting a date – but the fraught Anchorage summit, which Trump nearly walked out of, had already reshaped the terms of their relationship.

Putin was greeted in Alaska with a handshake and a broad Trump grin, and momentum seemed on his side. But once behind closed doors, the warmth quickly faded, according to multiple people briefed on the talks.

With just a handful of advisers present, Putin rejected the US offer of sanctions relief for a ceasefire, insisting the war would end only if Ukraine capitulated and ceded more territory in the Donbas.

The Russian president then delivered a rambling historical discursion spanning medieval princes such as Rurik of Novgorod and Yaroslav thewise, along with the 17th century Cossack chieftain Bohdan Khmelnytsky – figures he often cites to support his claim Ukraine and Russia are one nation.

Taken aback, Trump raised his voice several times and at one point threatened to walk out, the people said. He ultimately cut the meeting short and cancelled a planned lunch where broader delegations were due to discuss economic ties and co-operation.

When Trump hailed a “great and successful day in Alaska”, it prompted Ukraine’s president Volodymyr Zelenskiy and European leaders to dash to the White House to dissuade him from selling Ukraine down the river.