First, Mao incited a kind of culture war : He manipulated what had begun as an obscure debate about a theater play into a vehicle to attack bourgeois influences in the Chinese Communist Party and the officials that he believed were plotting his demise. Maoโ€™s next move involved inciting university students in the capital of Beijing to attack the countryโ€™s establishment and nomenklatura as traitors and counterrevolutionaries.

In 1966, Chinese leader Mao Zedong engineered a decisive return to power after seven years of quiet retreat following the first period of his near-absolute rule, which ended with one of the worst famines in history.

In 1966, Chinese leader Mao Zedong engineered a decisive return to power after seven years of quiet retreat following the first period of his near-absolute rule, which ended with one of the worst famines in history.

First, Mao incited a kind of culture war: He manipulated what had begun as an obscure debate about a theater play into a vehicle to attack bourgeois influences in the Chinese Communist Party and the officials that he believed were plotting his demise. Maoโ€™s next move involved inciting university students in the capital of Beijing to attack the countryโ€™s establishment and nomenklatura as traitors and counterrevolutionaries.

Maoโ€™s imprimatur was enough to unleash a frenzy. From those first protests, a slogan was born that eerily captured the spirit of much of Chinaโ€™s next decade, known as the Cultural Revolution.

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