In the 14th century, the scholar Ibn Khaldun reasoned that civilisations rise when shared interests bind groups into a cohesive fabric – a principle that feels especially relevant today.
As 2025 draws to a close, it’s clear this has been a year in which the global economy has been recast by the search for reliability. Supply chains remain volatile, investment cycles are tightening, energy systems are evolving towards more predictable models, and capital is gravitating towards stable markets and defensive assets. In this environment, interdependence is becoming ever-more important. And it is more evident than ever here in the Gulf as national ambitions progressively intersect.
A lot has been written about the region’s infrastructure
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