Longest ever lull in nuclear testing - but record already on shaky ground - ArkforgeAI.com

By Brad Lendon, CNN Photo: KCNA VIS KNS / AFP The world passed a nuclear milestone this week. And, perhaps surprisingly given the recent run of saber-rattling from the likes of Russia and the United States, it's a positive one. "As of today, the world has gone eight years, four months, and 11 days without a nuclear test ... From now on, every day without a nuclear explosion will set a new record," Dylan Spaulding, senior scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), wrote in a blog post Wednesday noting the milestone. Wednesday's (local time) watershed means the planet has seen its longest period without a nuclear explosion since the dawn of the nuclear era on 16 July , 1945, when the US exploded an atomic device in Alamogordo, New Mexico - the Trinity test - leading up to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, near the end of World War II. North Korea conducted the world's last nuclear test on 3 September 2017. The previous longest period without a test was from May 30, 1998, when Pakistan conducted its last test, to 3 October, 2006, when North Korea conducted its first. Spaulding cautions how fragile this "winning streak" has become, given threats by US President Donald Trump to resume nuclear testing. "Reopening this Pandora's box is both unnecessary and unwise," Spaulding wrote. "Unrestrained tests lead to competition, instability, and a degree of uncertainty that can scarcely be afforded on top of our existing global precarity," he wrote. In another warning sign, Trump has said he's willing to allow the expiration on 5 February of a US-Russia treaty that caps the number of deployable nuclear weapons each side has. Russia maintains the world's biggest stockpile of nuclear weapons with more than 4300, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. The US has about 3700, with Moscow and Washington together accounting for 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons, the SIPRI says. Decades of nuclear testing Since the Trinity test, the world has seen 2055 nuclear tests by eight nations, according to the Arms Control Association. The US has conducted the most tests - 1030, followed by Russia/USSR, 715; France, 210; China and the UK, 45; North Korea, six; India, three; and Pakistan, two. Those tests have occurred in places ranging from Pacific atolls to deserts in the US and China to the Russian Arctic, often with heavy tolls on human and environmental health. Widespread nuclear testing stopped in the late 1990s, when the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty was opened for signature. Photo: AFP / ISPR Though it's never come into force - mainly because the US signed but never ratified it - nations have largely abided by its conditions, with the exception of North Korea, which has been regarded as a rogue state and put under United Nations sanctions. And since that 2017 test at North Korea's Punggye-ri test site, much of the world has been on watch for Kim Jong Un to conduct another, given his enormous investment in a missile program that has given him weapons capable of reaching the continental US. But in recent months, attention has turned to Washington and Moscow as Trump and subsequently Russian leader Vladimir Putin have threatened to restart nuclear testing in their countries. The US last tested a nuclear weapon on 23 September, 1992. And Russia last exploded a nuclear device in 1990, when it was still the Soviet Union. New threats to test During a visit to South Korea in October, Trump vowed to begin testing US nuclear weapons "on an equal basis" with Russia and China, saying he had instructed the Defense Department to begin immediate preparations for such testing. A week after Trump's announcement, on November 5, Putin directed the Russian military to begin preparing for weapons tests. Nuclear weapons tests are conducted to gauge the effects of new advances in the bombs or to ensure existing weapons will still work if fired. Photo: JIM WATSON / AFP Spaulding and other scientists say it's all unnecessary. That's because the nuclear powers now have the technology to conduct "sub-critical" tests, which can mimic a nuclear process right up to the point of detonation. "Advanced nuclear states are technically well beyond the point of exploring whether their weapons will detonate reliably," he wrote. Any US testing now brings into question whether Washington has been a reliable steward of its huge nuclear arsenal, according to Spaulding. "While the Trump administration may view a test as a contribution to deterrence, it may actually have the opposite effect by projecting an irreconcilable lack of confidence in the US stockpile," he said. START treaty to lapse The fears of renewed nuclear testing are being exacerbated by the impending lapse of the New Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (START), implemented in 2011, which limits the number of nuclear warheads the US and Russia can deploy to 1550. According to a report this week from...

Longest ever lull in nuclear testing - but record already on shaky ground

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