E-cigarette users and dual users — those who use both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes — are associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and declining lung function, according to a recent study by the Korea Medical Institute.
The findings are part of KMI’s “Health Big Data Series,” based on medical check-up data from approximately 3.05 million individuals who underwent examinations at eight KMI health screening centers nationwide.
The study compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and ventilatory function impairment by smoking type
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