The World Energy Outlook 2025 (WEO 2025), published by the International Energy Agency (IEA), examines the current state and future trajectory of the global energy system while attributing a far more decisive role to energy geopolitics than in previous years. In recent times, the convergence of pandemics, energy crises, rapid technological transformations, and climate change has amplified the fragility and uncertainty of energy markets to an unprecedented degree.
In assessing the future development of energy systems, WEO 2025 focuses not only on historical trends but also on the potential impacts of geopolitical powers and unforeseen events.
There is no single narrative for the future of energy; therefore, the World Energy Outlook presents multiple scenarios, none of which should be interpreted as forecasts. The framework provided in this outlook relies on the most recent and comprehensive data regarding policies, technologies and markets, supported by rigorous modeling.
Three main scenarios
WEO 2025 is structured around three main scenarios. Two of these establish baseline conditions and explore their potential outcomes: the Current Policies
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